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- $Unique_ID{BRK03118}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{dexamethasone (systemic)}
- $Subject{Decadron Merck Sharp Dohme Dexameth Major Dexone Reid-Rowell Hexadrol
- Organon Adrenocorticosteroid hormone dexamethasone fluid balance temperature
- reaction inflammation cortisone-like endocrine rheumatic disorders asthma
- diseases blood cancers eye disorders gastrointestinal disturbances ulcerative
- colitis respiratory inflammations arthritis dermatitis poison ivy }
- $Volume{}
- $Log{
- Decadron*0311801.scf}
-
- Copyright (C) 1993 Publications International, Ltd.
-
-
- dexamethasone (systemic)
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- BRAND NAMES (Manufacturers)
-
- Decadron (Merck Sharp & Dohme)
- Dexameth (Major)
- dexamethasone (various manufacturers)
- Dexone (Reid-Rowell)
- Hexadrol (Organon)
-
- TYPE OF DRUG
-
- Adrenocorticosteroid hormone
-
- INGREDIENT
-
- dexamethasone
-
- DOSAGE FORMS
-
- Tablets (0.25 mg, 0.5 mg, 0.75 mg, 1 mg, 1.5 mg, 2 mg, 4 mg, and 6 mg)
- Oral elixir (0.5 mg per 5-ml spoonful, with 5% alcohol)
- Oral solution (0.5 mg per 5-ml spoonful)
- Oral concentrate (0.5 mg per 0.5 ml, with 30% alcohol)
-
- STORAGE
-
- Dexamethasone should be stored at room temperature in a tightly closed
- container.
-
- USES
-
- Your adrenal glands naturally produce certain cortisone-like chemicals.
- These chemicals are involved in various regulatory processes in the body (such
- as those involving fluid balance, temperature, and reaction to inflammation).
- Dexamethasone belongs to a group of drugs known as adrenocorticosteroids (or
- cortisone-like medications). It is used to treat a variety of disorders,
- including endocrine and rheumatic disorders; asthma; blood diseases; certain
- cancers; eye disorders; gastrointestinal disturbances, such as ulcerative
- colitis; respiratory diseases; and inflammations such as arthritis,
- dermatitis, and poison ivy. How this drug acts to relieve these disorders is
- not completely understood.
-
- TREATMENT
-
- In order to prevent stomach irritation, you can take dexamethasone with
- food or milk.
- If you are taking only one dose of this medication each day, try to take
- it before 9:00 a.m. This will mimic the body's normal production of this type
- of chemical.
- The oral elixir and solution forms of this medication should be measured
- carefully with a specially designed 5-ml measuring spoon. An ordinary kitchen
- teaspoon is not accurate enough.
- The oral concentrate may be diluted in juice, other liquids, or
- semi-solid foods like applesauce.
- It is important to try not to miss any doses of dexamethasone. However,
- if you do miss a dose of this medication, follow these guidelines:
- 1. If you are taking this medication more than once a day, take the
- missed dose as soon as possible and return to your regular schedule. If it is
- already time for the next dose of medication, double the dose.
- 2. If you are taking this medication once a day, take the dose you missed
- as soon as possible, unless you don't remember until the next day. In that
- case, do not take the missed dose at all, just follow your regular dosing
- schedule. Do not double the next dose.
- 3. If you are taking this drug every other day, take it as soon as you
- remember. If you missed the scheduled time by a whole day, take it when you
- remember, then skip a day before you take the next dose. Do not double the
- next dose.
- If you miss more than one dose of dexamethasone, CONTACT YOUR DOCTOR.
-
- SIDE EFFECTS
-
- Minor.
-
- Dizziness, false sense of well-being, fatigue, increased appetite,
- increased sweating, indigestion, leg cramps, menstrual irregularities, muscle
- weakness, nausea, reddening of the skin on the face, restlessness, sleep
- disorders, thinning of the skin, or weight gain. These side effects should
- disappear as your body adjusts to the medication.
- To help avoid potassium loss while using this drug, you can take your
- dose with a glass of fresh or frozen orange juice, or eat a banana each day.
- The use of a salt substitute also helps to prevent potassium loss. Check with
- your doctor before changing your diet or using a salt substitute.
-
- Major.
-
- Tell your doctor about any side effects that are persistent or
- particularly bothersome. IT IS ESPECIALLY IMPORTANT TO TELL YOUR DOCTOR about
- abdominal enlargement or pain; acne or other skin problems; back or rib pain;
- bloody or black, tarry stools; blurred vision; convulsions; eye pain; fever
- and sore throat; growth impairment (in children); headaches; impaired healing
- of wounds; increased thirst and urination; mental depression; mood changes;
- muscle wasting; nightmares; peptic ulcers; rapid weight gain (three to five
- pounds within a week); rash; shortness of breath; unusual bleeding or
- bruising; or unusual weakness.
-
- INTERACTIONS
-
- This drug interacts with several other types of drugs:
- 1. Alcohol, aspirin, and anti-inflammatory medications (such as
- diclofenac, diflunisal, fenoprofen, flurbiprofen, ibuprofen, piroxicam,
- sulindac, and tolmetin) aggravate the stomach problems that may occur with use
- of this medication.
- 2. The dosage of oral anticoagulants (blood thinners, such as warfarin),
- oral antidiabetic drugs, or insulin may need to be altered when this
- medication is started or stopped.
- 3. The loss of potassium caused by this medication can lead to serious
- side effects in individuals taking digoxin.
- 4. Thiazide diuretics (water pills) can increase the potassium loss
- caused by dexamethasone.
- 5. Phenobarbital, phenytoin, rifampin, and ephedrine can increase the
- elimination of dexamethasone from the body, thereby decreasing its
- effectiveness.
- 6. Oral contraceptives (birth control pills) and estrogen-containing
- drugs may decrease the elimination of this drug from the body, which can lead
- to an increase in side effects.
- 7. Dexamethasone can increase the elimination of aspirin and isoniazid
- from the body, thereby decreasing the effectiveness of these two medications.
- 8. Cholestyramine and colestipol can chemically bind this medication in
- the stomach and gastrointestinal tract, preventing its absorption.
- BE SURE TO TELL YOUR DOCTOR about any medications you are currently
- taking, especially any of those listed above.
-
- WARNINGS
-
- * Tell your doctor about unusual or allergic reactions you have had to
- any medications, especially to dexamethasone or other adrenocorticosteroids
- (such as alcometasone, amcinonide, betamethasone, clobetasol, clocortolone,
- cortisone, desonide, desoximetasone, diflorasone, flumethasone, fluocinolone,
- fluocinonide, fluorometholone, flurandrenolide, halcinonide, hydrocortisone,
- methylprednisolone, paramethasone, prednisolone, prednisone, and
- triamcinolone).
- * Tell your doctor if you now have or if you have ever had bone disease,
- diabetes mellitus, emotional instability, glaucoma, fungal infections, heart
- disease, high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, myasthenia gravis,
- peptic ulcers, osteoporosis, thyroid disease, tuberculosis, ulcerative
- colitis, kidney disease, or liver disease.
- * If you are using this medication for longer than a week, you may need
- to receive higher doses if you are subjected to stress, such as serious
- infections, injury, or surgery. Discuss this with your doctor.
- * If you have been taking this drug for more than one or two weeks, do
- not stop taking it suddenly. If it is stopped abruptly, you may experience
- abdominal or back pain, dizziness, extreme weakness, fainting, fever, muscle
- or joint pain, nausea, vomiting, or shortness of breath. Your doctor may,
- therefore, want to reduce the dosage gradually. Never increase the dosage or
- take the drug for longer than the prescribed time, unless you first consult
- your doctor.
- * While you are taking this drug, you should not be vaccinated or
- immunized. This medication decreases the effectiveness of vaccines and can
- lead to infection if a live-virus vaccine is administered.
- * Before having surgery or other medical or dental treatment, tell your
- doctor or dentist you are taking this drug.
- * Because this drug can cause glaucoma and cataracts with long-term use,
- your doctor may want to have your eyes examined by an ophthalmologist
- periodically during treatment.
- * If you are taking this medication for prolonged periods, you should
- wear or carry an identification card or notice stating that you are taking an
- adrenocorticosteroid.
- * This drug can raise blood sugar levels in diabetic patients. Blood
- sugar should, therefore, be monitored carefully with blood or urine tests when
- this drug is being taken.
- * Be sure to tell your doctor if you are pregnant. This drug crosses the
- placenta and may cause adverse effects in the fetus. Birth defects have been
- observed in the offspring of animals that were given large doses of this type
- of drug during pregnancy. Also, tell your doctor if you are breast-feeding an
- infant. Small amounts of this drug pass into breast milk and may cause growth
- suppression or a decrease in natural adrenocorticosteroid production in the
- nursing infant.
-
- ----------------
-
- The material contained here is "FOR INFORMATION ONLY" and should not replace
- the counsel and advice of your personal physician. Promptly consulting your
- doctor is the best path to a quick and successful resolution of any medical
- problem.
-